The distinctive features of modern citizenship include, among other things, that it is both internally inclusive and externally exclusive.
These characteristics largely evolved during the “long nineteenth century”, the period between the French Revolution and the First World War.
Similar to that of today, the historical situation in which citizenship evolved was one of intensified mobility.
With the example of Sweden, this article finds that citizenship was elaborated partly as a way to manage the mobility of the migrant poor.
This has implications for our understanding of citizenship as well as of the state, and highlights the agency of migrants.
To the article 'Citizenship and mobility of the poor: Sweden during the 19th century' in European Journal of Sociology.