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Tony Ingesson, svartvitt foto.

Tony Ingesson

Universitetslektor

Tony Ingesson, svartvitt foto.

Clandestine Communications in Cyber-Denied Environments : Numbers stations and radio in the 21st century

Författare

  • Tony Ingesson
  • Magnus Andersson

Summary, in English

Both intelligence operatives and criminals have a constant need to be able to communicate clandestinely, circumventing surveillance efforts carried out by highly capable adversaries. The recent highly-publicized breaches of internet-based clandestine communications technology and targeted malware attacks, in combination with increasingly sophisticated methods for surveillance of internet traffic has arguably resulted in a cyber-denied environment. This paper employs a red-teaming approach to explore how clandestine communications can be structured using platforms that are physically separated from the internet and thus not vulnerable to internet-based surveillance or attacks. Recent developments in computer-based radio software can be combined with legacy radio technology to provide robust solutions for clandestine communications in a cyber-denied environment. Drawing on case studies from the Cold War, contemporary observations of clandestine radio networks in use today, and technical tests carried out by the authors, this paper stresses the importance for counterintelligence and law enforcement to be prepared for a potential shift in how clandestine communications are implemented by both hostile intelligence services and organized crime. Finally, the paper addresses the issue of proactively countering these techniques by presenting concrete methods for use by counterintelligence and law enforcement to detect radio-based clandestine communications and secure evidence.

Avdelning/ar

  • Statsvetenskapliga institutionen

Publiceringsår

2023-05-12

Språk

Engelska

Sidor

144-165

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism

Volym

19

Issue

2

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

Taylor & Francis

Ämne

  • Political Science (excluding Public Administration Studies and Globalization Studies)

Nyckelord

  • criminal intelligence
  • counterintelligence
  • numbers stations
  • clandestine communications
  • radio

Aktiv

Published

Projekt

  • Clandestine Communications: Old Technologies, New Opportunities

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 1833-5330